Ph3 Compound
Ph3, or phosphine, is a colorless, flammable, and highly toxic compound with the chemical formula PH3. It is a pnictogen hydride, meaning that it is a compound of a pnictogen element (nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth) and hydrogen.
Structure and properties
In its standard state, Ph3 is a gas with a boiling point of -87.9 °C and a melting point of -133.3 °C. It is a highly unstable compound and is readily oxidized in air, forming phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10).
Ph3 is a trigonal pyramidal molecule with a phosphorus atom at the apex and three hydrogen atoms at the base. The phosphorus-hydrogen bonds are polar, with the phosphorus atom bearing a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms bearing partial positive charges. This polarity gives Ph3 a slight dipole moment of 0.28 D.
Synthesis
Ph3 can be synthesized by a variety of methods, including:
- Reduction of phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) with hydrogen gas:
PCl3 + 3H2 → PH3 + 3HCl - Thermal decomposition of phosphine-containing compounds, such as phosphine oxide (P4O6):
P4O6 → 4PH3 + 2O2 - Hydrolysis of phosphide salts, such as sodium phosphide (Na3P):
Na3P + 3H2O → PH3 + 3NaOH Applications
Ph3 has a variety of applications, including:
- As a precursor to other phosphorus compounds, such as phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) and phosphorus trifluoride (PF3).
- As a reducing agent in organic chemistry.
- As a catalyst in chemical reactions.
- As a fumigant to control pests.
Safety
Ph3 is a highly toxic compound that can be fatal if inhaled. It can also cause skin and eye irritation. Exposure to Ph3 can cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and respiratory problems.
Questions and answers
Q: What is the chemical formula of phosphine?
A: The chemical formula of phosphine is PH3.
Q: What is the structure of phosphine?
A: Ph3 is a trigonal pyramidal molecule with a phosphorus atom at the apex and three hydrogen atoms at the base.
Q: What are the properties of phosphine?
A: Ph3 is a colorless, flammable, and highly toxic gas with a boiling point of -87.9 °C and a melting point of -133.3 °C.
Q: How is phosphine synthesized?
A: Ph3 can be synthesized by a variety of methods, including reduction of phosphorus trichloride with hydrogen gas, thermal decomposition of phosphine-containing compounds, and hydrolysis of phosphide salts.
Q: What are the applications of phosphine?
A: Ph3 has a variety of applications, including as a precursor to other phosphorus compounds, as a reducing agent in organic chemistry, as a catalyst in chemical reactions, and as a fumigant to control pests.
Q: What are the safety hazards associated with phosphine?
A: Ph3 is a highly toxic compound that can be fatal if inhaled. It can also cause skin and eye irritation. Exposure to Ph3 can cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and respiratory problems.
I hope this article provides you with a comprehensive overview of Ph3 compound.